A Comprehensive Guide to Growing and Caring for Burning Bushes

All About Euonymus alatus and E. atropurpureus

Table of Contents

Burning bushes, specifically Euonymus alatus, are visually captivating plants known for their vibrant scarlet foliage in autumn. However, these woody shrubs belong to the Celastraceae family and are considered potentially invasive non-natives.

Native to Asia, E. alatus was brought to North America in the 1860s as an ornamental garden plant. This species is related to the native burning bush, E. atropurpureus, as well as other Euonymus species like E. grandiflorus and E. europaeus. It’s important to note that while E. alatus is considered invasive in many parts of the United States, regions like Northeast and Midwest find it non-problematic.

If you’re concerned about planting non-native species, E. atropurpureus, also known as Eastern or American wahoo, is a suitable native alternative for those in regions with restrictions.

How to Grow and Propagate Burning Bushes

Propagation Methods:

Cuttings: Propagate new burning bushes by taking cuttings from established shrubs in early summer.
Transplanted Starts: Purchase starter plants from nurseries and transplant in early spring or fall.

Growing Requirements:

Sunlight: Burning bushes thrive in full sun to part shade.
Soil: Well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5 is ideal. However, they can tolerate different soil types if drainage is adequate.
Watering: Established shrubs need about an inch of water per week, in the absence of rain.
Growth Rate: Burning bushes grow at a rate of one to two feet per year and have above-average drought tolerance.

Tips for Success

Maintain even moisture: Water consistently, especially during the establishment phase.
Provide sunlight: Opt for full sun to achieve vibrant foliage colors.
Ensure good drainage: Avoid waterlogged conditions to prevent root rot.
Be mindful of invasiveness: While E. alatus is known for self-sowing, native E. atropurpureus may exhibit similar behavior.
Address non-red foliage: In rare cases, burning bushes may not showcase their signature red color.

Pruning and Maintenance

Low Maintenance: Burning bushes require minimal upkeep, primarily involving pruning dead branches and maintaining good overall plant health.
Pruning Tips: In early spring, remove dead or damaged branches to encourage new growth.
Preventative Care: Regular pruning helps prevent the spread of pests and diseases by maintaining plant health.

Cultivars to Consider

Chicago Fire: E. alatus ‘Timber Creek’ or ‘Chicago Fire’ features bright scarlet leaves and grows to a height of eight to ten feet.
Compactus: E. alatus ‘Compactus’ or ‘Compacta’ is a smaller variety with a height of six to eight feet, suitable for smaller gardens.
Plant Sentry™: Ensures compliance with restrictions on prohibited species by blocking shipments to restricted areas.

Management of Pests and Diseases

Insect Concerns: Watch out for spider mites during dry conditions and scale insects that may affect the foliage.
Disease Prevention: Address twig blight and powdery mildew promptly to maintain plant health.
Deer Deterrence: Protect against deer feeding on burning bush foliage to prevent damage.

Best Uses for Burning Bushes

Versatile Plants: Burning bushes are ideal as stand-alone specimens, focal points in mixed groups, or for hedge planting.
Architectural Accent: Soften the lines of walls and fences with the vibrant foliage of burning bushes.
Naturalizing or Containment: Choose between naturalizing shrubs for a profusion of color or containing growth to a specific area.

Quick Reference Growing Guide

Plant Type: Woody shrub
Flower/Foliage Color: Yellow-green/scarlet
Native to: Asia, eastern North America
Tolerance: A variety of soil types and pH levels; black walnut juglone; full shade
Hardiness (USDA Zone): 4-8 (non-native), 3-7 (native)
Maintenance: Low
Season: Fall
Soil Type: Average
Exposure: Full sun to part shade
Soil pH: 6.0-7.5
Spacing: 8-12 feet (standard), 5-7 feet (standard hedges), 4-6 feet (dwarf); 2-3 feet (dwarf hedges)
Soil Drainage: Well-draining
Planting Depth: Crown slightly higher than soil surface
Attracts: Birds
Height: 6-20 feet
Uses: Formal hedge, foundation planting, informal hedge, mixed group, perimeter privacy
Spread: 4-12 feet

Conclusion

With proper care and attention, burning bushes can be a stunning addition to your landscape. Whether you opt for the non-native E. alatus or the native E. atropurpureus, these plants offer vibrant fall color and versatile use in gardens. Remember to follow guidelines, especially in regions where invasive species are a concern, and enjoy the beauty these plants bring to your outdoor space.