Everything You Need to Know About Eastern Filbert Blight

Hazelnuts have delighted the taste buds of many since ancient times, earning them a divine reputation. Their rich history dates back to mention in a 2838 BC Chinese manuscript as a nourishment bestowment from a higher power.

Today, hazelnut groves face a formidable threat from a relentless fungal disease known as Eastern filbert blight. This aggressive fungus, Anisogramma anomala, is notorious for wreaking havoc on hazelnut orchards by rapidly spreading from tree to tree, with devastating consequences.

In this article, we will delve into the world of hazelnuts, exploring how to identify, control, and treat Eastern filbert blight to safeguard the future of your hazelnut trees. So, let’s dive in and equip you with the knowledge needed to protect your precious hazelnuts from this potential scourge.

Understanding Eastern Filbert Blight

The Eastern filbert blight is caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala, considered the worst pathogen affecting hazelnut orchards. This devastating disease lacks a cure and can result in the death of all parts of the tree except the roots. Moreover, symptoms of the blight may not manifest for 12 to 15 months post-infection, making early detection and management crucial in protecting hazelnut trees.

Identifying Eastern Filbert Blight Symptoms

Symptoms of Eastern filbert blight include sudden branch dieback from July through September, collapsed bark areas known as cankers on the trunk or stems, and the appearance of stroma structures that produce spores. These black, football-shaped structures are found within cankers and serve as a key identifier of the disease.

How the Disease Spreads

The spread of the blight is facilitated by spores produced by the fungus, which can be transmitted through water splashes, wind dispersal, or human activities such as handling infected plants and tools. Notably, the fungus infects immature tissue on leaves and stems before developing visible cankers, making it imperative to inspect hazelnut trees regularly.

Controlling Eastern Filbert Blight

When it comes to managing Eastern filbert blight and protecting hazelnut trees, early intervention and preventative measures are critical. Here are some effective strategies to control and prevent the spread of the blight:

Inspection and Detection

Regularly inspect hazelnut trees every six months to monitor for signs of the disease. Early detection allows for prompt action, minimizing the impact of the blight. Prune off infected tissue if cankers are present, disinfecting tools between cuts to prevent further spread.

Removal of Infected Trees

Heavily infected trees should be removed to prevent the production and spread of spores to neighboring trees. Proper disposal methods such as burning or deep burial can help limit the spread of the disease.

Plant Resistant Cultivars

Consider planting hazelnut cultivars that are resistant to Eastern filbert blight, such as ‘PollyO,’ ‘Yamhill,’ ‘Jefferson,’ and others developed by Oregon State University. These cultivars exhibit varying degrees of resistance to the disease, offering a proactive approach to protecting hazelnut trees.

Plant Resistant Pollinizers

To promote cross-pollination and enhance tree health, plant resistant pollinizers such as ‘Gamma,’ ‘Felix,’ and ‘Zeta’ alongside primary cultivars. This strategy ensures successful pollination and increases the likelihood of high yields while maintaining resistance to Eastern filbert blight.

Control Suckers

Prune out suckers that sprout from the base of hazelnut trees to eliminate potential sources of spores and redirect energy towards the main stem. Regular pruning, especially in spring, can help prevent the spread of the disease and enhance tree vitality.

Treat with Fungicide

While no cure exists for Eastern filbert blight, fungicide treatments can provide protection against new infections when applied correctly. Apply fungicides following recommended guidelines, covering all branches thoroughly and maintaining a consistent treatment schedule to safeguard hazelnut trees.

Incorporating these control measures and preventative strategies can significantly reduce the impact of Eastern filbert blight on hazelnut trees and ensure their continued health and productivity.

Conclusion

Hazelnuts, a cherished delicacy throughout history, face a formidable adversary in Eastern filbert blight. Understanding the symptoms, spread, and control of this disease is crucial for protecting hazelnut trees and preserving their vitality. By implementing early detection, removal of infected trees, planting resistant cultivars and pollinizers, controlling suckers, and treating with fungicides, hazelnut growers can mitigate the impact of the blight and safeguard their orchards.

So, arm yourself with knowledge, stay vigilant in monitoring your hazelnut trees, and take proactive steps to combat Eastern filbert blight. Your efforts will not only protect your beloved hazelnuts but also contribute to the preservation and prosperity of these prized trees.

Do you have a story to share about Eastern filbert blight or tips to add? Feel free to share your experiences in the comments below. Stay informed, stay proactive, and watch your hazelnut orchard thrive in the face of challenges.

And remember, when hazelnuts are on your horizon, knowledge is your greatest ally. Happy growing!