Scarlet runner beans, scientifically known as Phaseolus coccineus, are a favorite among gardeners for both their ornamental beauty and edible qualities. These vining plants feature stunning bright red flowers that attract pollinators in addition to producing edible pods and beans. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into everything you need to know about planting and growing scarlet runner beans, from cultivation to maintenance and harvesting.

What Are Scarlet Runner Beans?

Scarlet runner beans are vigorous vining plants that produce edible green pods and striking bright red flowers. These leguminous plants can reach up to seven feet in length and feature leaves made up of three spade-shaped leaflets that are also edible. The seeds inside the pods can be eaten fresh when they are shades of purple or lavender, or once they mature to a dark blueish-black hue. Scarlet runner beans have not only ornamental value but also serve as a tasty addition to your garden.

Cultivation and History

Native to Mexico and Central America, scarlet runner beans have been used as food by humans for at least 5500 years. They were officially described taxonomically in 1753 and even grown by Thomas Jefferson at Monticello in 1812. These plants belong to the legume family and are related to green beans, redbud trees, and fenugreek. Scarlet runner beans are commonly known by various names, including “ayocote,” “runners,” “multiflora beans,” and sometimes “butter beans.”

How to Sow Scarlet Runner Beans

One of the best ways to propagate scarlet runner beans is through direct seeding, as these plants have sensitive roots that do not like to be transplanted. It’s essential to wait until one to two weeks after the last average frost in your area to sow the seeds. Ensure that the soil is moist before sowing, and use inoculant containing R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli for the best results. Scarlet runner beans thrive in full sun and well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH.

Growing Tips

• Plant in full sun.
• Allow vines to climb a trellis or other support.
• Keep soil moist.

Maintenance

When caring for young scarlet runner plants, it’s crucial to stay on top of weeding to prevent competition from weeds. Mulching around the base of the plants can help retain moisture and suppress weed growth. To overwinter scarlet runner bean tubers, simply clip the vines back above the soil in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 and 8, covering the tubers with mulch for added protection.

Scarlet Runner Bean Cultivars to Select

When choosing a cultivar of scarlet runner beans to grow, consider options such as ‘Black Knight,’ ‘Lady Di,’ and ‘Scarlet Emperor.’ Each variety features unique characteristics such as flower color, pod length, and maturity time. Select the cultivar that best suits your preferences and growing conditions.

Managing Pests and Disease

Like other leguminous plants, scarlet runner beans can be susceptible to pests and diseases. To prevent issues, maintain optimal growing conditions and consider interplanting with companion plants to deter pests. Keep an eye out for common pests such as aphids, cutworms, and Mexican bean beetles. Additionally, watch for diseases like anthracnose, damping off, and powdery mildew, taking preventive measures to protect your crops.

Harvesting and Preserving

Harvest young scarlet runner bean pods when they are around four inches long for the best flavor and texture. Pods can be preserved by canning, dehydrating, freezing, or fermenting. Mature seeds can be stored once fully dry in a cool, dark location for future use as seeds or food staples. Explore various preservation methods to enjoy your scarlet runner beans year-round.

Recipes and Cooking Ideas

Young scarlet runner bean pods can be used similarly to green beans in a variety of recipes. Consider trying garlic lemon roasted green beans for a flavorful side dish. Dried or shelled beans can be incorporated into classic dishes like beans and rice for a satisfying meal. Experiment with different cooking techniques to discover new ways to enjoy your scarlet runner beans.

Quick Reference Growing Guide

• Plant Type: Tender perennial vine, grown as an annual
• Water Needs: Moderate
• Native to: Mexico, Central America
• Hardiness (USDA Zone): 7-11
• Maintenance: Low
• Season: Summer
• Soil Type: Organically rich loam
• Exposure: Full sun
• Soil pH: 6.0-6.8
• Time to Maturity: 65-75 days
• Soil Drainage: Well-draining
• Spacing: 6 inches
• Height: 4-12 feet
• Spread: 3-5 feet
• Common Pests and Disease: Aphids, cutworms, Mexican bean beetles; anthracnose, bean common mosaic virus, powdery mildew

Invite Miss Scarlet to the Garden Party

Now that you have a complete understanding of how to grow scarlet runner beans, you can confidently introduce these beautiful plants to your garden. Explore different cultivars, manage pests and diseases effectively, and harvest and preserve your beans for year-round enjoyment. Feel free to share your favorite tips and recipes in the comments below to inspire fellow gardeners!

For more information on growing beans, check out additional resources on different bean varieties, growing tips, and companion planting suggestions.

Remember, scarlet runner beans offer both aesthetic appeal and culinary delights, making them a valuable addition to any garden or landscape. Happy gardening!